Maintenance & Types
Maintenance is an act of keeping an asset in good working condition so that the asset can be utilized to its full capacity. Maintenance can either be preventive or corrective but the purpose of maintenance remains to keep assets away from partial or full functional capacity loss while ensuring their designed capacity is intact. Also called capacity assurance.
Different types of maintenance are being practiced in industries, the most common types are defined hereunder:
1- Capital Project Maintenance (CPM):
Capital Project Maintenance is categorized as
a major repair of equipment or replacement of a capital asset, for example. overhauls
and turnaround – if these projects are valued over a certain threshold and for
tax purposes.
2- Conditioned Based Maintenance (CBM):
Maintenance is based on the actual condition (health)
of an asset as determined from noninvasive measurements and tests. CBM allows
maintenance actions to be optimized by avoiding traditional calendar or run-time-directed maintenance tasks. The terms condition-based maintenance and
predictive maintenance are used interchangeably.
3- Corrective Maintenance (CM):
Activities or actions that are performed to
rectify, repair or restore the faulty asset to normal operating condition.
4- Operator Based Maintenance:
OBM involves operators performing some
basic maintenance activities, it allows asset or machine operator to be trained
or informed properly to keep the machine in optimum reliable condition. OBM is
also known as Autonomous Maintenance or Total Productive Maintenance.
5- Predictive Maintenance (PdM):
A maintenance strategy based on the actual
condition of an asset as determined from noninvasive measurement and tests
using different predictive technologies such as ultrasonic, infrared
thermography, and oil analysis.
6- Prescriptive Maintenance (PrcM)
Prescriptive maintenance is the expert-recommended
task for operation and maintenance based on IoT (internet of things) and
data analysis to minimize asset or system failures by taking timely actions.
7- Preventive Maintenance (PM):
Preventive Maintenance is regular and
routine maintenance of equipment and assets to keep them running and
prevent unplanned equipment failures or outages. Activities involved systematic,
planned inspection and component replacement, at a fixed interval, regardless
of the asset’s condition at the time. A few examples of PM tasks include replacing
service items such as filters and oils, belts, and lubricating parts.
8- Proactive Maintenance Work:
The sum of all maintenance work that is
completed to avoid failures or to identify defects that could lead to failures.
It includes routine preventive and predictive maintenance activities and work
tasks identified from them.
9- Reactive Maintenance (RM):
An unscheduled and normally unplanned maintenance
repair work that is done in response to an asset failure is considered reactive maintenance work. It is also known as breakdown or emergency maintenance.
10 Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM):
A systematic and disciplined maintenance plan
for an asset or system to minimize the probability of failures. RCM is a
process that ensures maintenance tasks are performed in an efficient, cost-effective,
reliable, and safe manner. The purpose of RCM is to ensure maintenance and
inspection for the improvement of reliability and safety of the equipment.
11 Risk-Based Maintenance (RBM):
A maintenance strategy in which the degree
of risk is evaluated and economically appropriate maintenance action is taken for
a specific asset. This strategy is usually applied to pressure vessels, piping, or chemical and energy-intensive assets.
12 Run to Failure Maintenance (RTF)
A maintenance strategy for assets where the cost and impact of failure are less than the cost of preventive actions. It is a deliberate decision based on economical effectiveness not to perform any maintenance and let the asset run to fail and then fix it or replace it.
Glossary:
A component or device, software, or system that has potential or actual value to the organization. Value can be tangible or intangible, financial or nonfinancial. Assets can be equipment or machine, system or their parts and component.
Capacity:
The number of units a facility can hold, receive,
store, or produce in a period.
Designed Capacity:
The design capacity is the maximum output of
a structure, equipment, facility, process, machine, tools, or component based on
its design. For example, the design capacity of production equipment of x
units per hour could be realized only if the equipment is operated without
considerable downtime for repairs as well as other maintenance actions.
Reliability:
The probability that an asset or item will perform its required functions for a specific period under stated conditions.
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